Define Pneumonia And Explain Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Pneumonia is contamination that influences it is possible that either of the lungs. It is non an individual ailment and it might hold in excess of 30 kinds of various causes, including bacteriums, Fungis and infections. In youthful children with the period of under 5 mature ages old, viral pneumonia is the most well-known sort of pneumonia, with its most basic reason being the grippe infection. We will compose a custom article test on Characterize Pneumonia And Explain Health And Social Care Essay or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now There are numerous different infections that can do pneumonia each piece great, for example, respiratory syncytial infection, herpes simplex infection, rhinovirus and horrible intense respiratory condition ( SARS ) . Network obtained pneumonia is the most widely recognized kind of pneumonia which is gained in open nations like the school, food advertise shop or working topographic point. It may be brought about by either bacteriums, Fungis, infection or the thistles present noticeable all around, with the most widely recognized reason being the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. Its advancement can other than happen following a grippe or cold [ 1 ] . Emergency clinic gained penumonia which is other than known as organization procured pneumonia is obtained in the hospital, curiously while remaining and under mediation in the concentrated consideration unit ( ICU ) or utilizing a ventilator to help in take a relaxing. It typically alongside creates following a significant medical procedure including chest medical procedure or during dialysis in kidney dialysis focuses or staying in incessant consideration communities. It has the conceivable to be extremely dangerous, particularly to the individuals who are youthful, matured or resistant bargained [ 1 ] . Rundown the clinical indications ( foundational versus respiratory ) related with pneumonia. Fundamental indications [ 2 ] : †Mild or high febrility †Shaking icinesss †Concern †Loss of appetency †Fatigue, low vitality †Increased sweat and moist covering †Confusion ( particularly in the matured ) Respiratory side effects [ 2 ] : †Cough ( may incorporates creation of light-green or xanthous mucous discharge, even blood mucous discharge in specific kinds of pneumonias ) †Shortness of breath ( may only occur while mounting up stepss ) †Stabbing or fresh chest harming which can decay with full breath or hack Utilizing the SMART-COP instrument and the data gave above ascertain MR Barnes ‘ SMART-COP imprint and find if Mr Barnes has gentle, seat or horrendous CAP. Mr Barnes ‘ SMART-COP mark is 6, which mean he has horrible CAP and has a high risk ( 33 % ) of requiring concentrated respiratory or vasopressor support ( IRVS ) [ 3 ] . The imprint may be lower than his existent imprint however because of the lack of data sing Mr Barnes ‘ egg whites fixation in plasma, chest rate, mental position and blood pH. Complete the undermentioned intercession program for the course of Mr Barnes ‘ CAP, as would be plot in the patient ‘s permission notes, using the even exhibit gave. Treatment program Clarify the ground: †for your suggestion/reaction at the point when make fulling in the spaces. †the doctor has requested certain preliminaries and perceptions and so forth to get down the undermentioned IV experimental anti-infection agents ( incorporate measurement ) : moxifloxacin 400mg IV, day by day A ; azithromycin 500mg IV, day by day. Expansive range anti-infection agents are required stomach muscle initio for the intercession of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella penumophila, and enteral Gram-negative B. Since Mr Barnes is adversely affected by penicillin, moxifloxacin is utilized in topographic purpose of penicillin. for paracetamol 0.5 to 1g orally or ibuprofen 600mg orally for pleuritic chest harming. To flexibly adequate absense of pain to empower equivalent respiratory movements in add-on to cut bringing down the risk of atelectasis and pneumonia. for assistant O by means of rhinal prongs. Since Mr Barnes ‘ O impregnation is 89 % which is fairly low. for salbutamol 5mg q4h prn by means of atomizer. For the intercession of wind current limitation or for the advancement in mucociliary leeway. for redundancy chest X beam in following 2 yearss. To do sure that the intercession is solid for the pneumonia contamination [ 1 ] . retain Altace tablets. To hinder farther abatement in Mr Barnes ‘ blood power per unit zone as he is now in hypotensive region. for everyday full blood examination ( FBE ) , U A ; E ‘s, Creatinine. To investigate the white platelets tally and type, what's more to discover the disagreeableness of Mr Barnes ‘s pneumonia contamination. for QID perceptions ( BP, Resp Rate, Temp, O2 impregnation ) . To discover whether Mr Barnes is recovering acceptable from the pneumonia disease. follow up blood and mucus civic establishments. To direct the pulverization of the particular causative operators of Mr Barnes ‘ pneumonia. What changes to demonstrate outcomes, perceptions and patient indications would the clinical staff and you as pharmacist delegate, to bespeak that the anti-toxin treatment is solid? I will regulate Mr Barnes ‘ x-beam outcome, if the x-beam result demonstrated that the pneumonia contamination nation is cut bringing down with the goal that implies the anti-infection treatment is viable. Moreover, I will other than manage the beat oximetry or blood gases test outcome, if the O impregnation goes up nearer to ~95 % so the anti-infection treatment is in all probability efficacious. Other than this, I will other than regulate the everyday full blood investigation result, the anti-toxin treatment is viable if the white platelets check is coming back to the ordinary degree. I would other than regulate the result of his blood and mucus human advancements. On the off chance that the figure of the causative operators of his pneumonia is persistently cut bringing down, that demonstrates that the anti-toxin treatment is adequate. Other than this, I will other than administer Mr Barnes ‘ temperature, blood power per unit region and respiratory rate as great. On the off chance that every one of them a tiny bit at a time came back to their few typical degrees so the anti-toxin treatment is viable. Not just this, I will other than distinguish and ask whether does Mr Barnes ‘ starting indicating side effects, for example, hacking that produces mucus, pleuritic chest harming and sentiment of disquiet are bettering. In the event that they are bettering, so the anti-toxin is in all probability solid. ( I ) What unwritten anti-infection would you encourage for Mr Barnes given all before referenced data? I would encourage moxifloxacin, 400mg orally, every day for Mr Barnes [ 3 ] . ( two ) What might be the suggested continuation of anti-microbial intercession? The suggested continuation of anti-microbial intercession is 7 yearss. ( three ) In point signifier list the direction focuses you would flexibly to Mr Barnes for this anti-infection. Take moxifloxacin along with repasts. Abstain from taking alkalizers, Fe and Zn addendums inside 2 hours of taking moxifloxacin as they would meddle with the absorbing of moxifloxacin. Be sure to take moxifloxacin until finish. Moxifloxacin can follow in energy, disarray or faintness, which may so bring to chop down capacity to drive and additionally work hardware. These impacts can be exacerbated by intoxicant ingestion. In the event that experience any delicacy of redness of ligament, cease moxifloxacin, do n’t apply, and consult with the doctor in the most limited clasp as could be expected under the circumstances. It is entirely expected to see infection, stomachic unsettling influence and loose bowels while taking moxifloxacin. Guarantee plentifulness of liquids consumption ( 1.5-2L per twenty-four hours ) while taking moxifloxacin. Dodge from using urinary alkalinisers along with moxifloxacin as there is the danger of cystalluria. Moxifloxacin may expand the caffeine ‘s impacts in specific individuals by stifling its transformation, henceforth decline in caffeine utilization may be required. For the pneumonia brought about by the undermentioned pathogens, list the anti-infection ( s ) you would ask for â€Å" coordinated treatment † . Complete the even exhibit beneath. Pathogen doing the pneumonia Depiction of the pathogen is it gram negative or gram positive bacteriums? is it aerophilic or anaerobiotic? is it an organism or infection? Anti-toxin proposal Non-MRSA staphylococcal pneumonia It is a Gram-positive aerophilic bacteriums. ( facultative anaerobe if is aureus ) Di/flucloxacillin 2g IV, 4 to 6 hourly. †With penicillin extreme touchiness ( aside from quick extreme touchiness ) : Cefalotin 2g IV, 4 hourly. Cephazolin 2g IV, 8 hourly. †With quick penicillin extreme touchiness: Vancomycin 1.5g IV, 12 hourly. Legionella species It is a Gram-negative aerophilic bacteriums. †With mellow malady: Azithromycin 500mg orally, day by day for 5 yearss Or on the other hand Doxycycline 100mg orally, 12 hoursly for 10 to 14 yearss. †With horrible illness: Azithromycin 500mg IV or orally, day by day. In addition Ciprofloxacin 400mg IV, 12-hourly. Pseudomonas aeruginosa It is a Gram-negative aerophilic bacteriums. Gentamycin 4 to 6 mg/kg for 1 dose, so dosing span is controlled by nephritic guide for a furthest constraint of either 1 or 2 additional portions. Besides EITHER Ceftazidime 2g IV, 8-hourly. Or then again Meropenem 500mg to 1g IV, 8-hourly. Mycoplasma pneumoniae It is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacteriums. Doxycycline 200mg orally, for the principal measurement, trailed by 100mg orally, every day. Notices: FamilyDoctor.org [ landing page on the Internet ] . Leawood, KS: American Acedemy of Family Physicians ; c2012 [ refered to 2012 Sept 20 ] . Pneumonia ; [ around 9 screens ] . Accessible from: hypertext move convention:/familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/infections conditions/pneumonia.printerview.all.html American Lung Association [ landing page on the Internet ] . Washington, DC: American Lung Association ; c2012 [ refered to 2012 Sept 20 ] . Side effects, Diagnosis and Treatment ; [ around 4 screens ] . Accessible from: hypertext move convention:/www.lung.org/lung-malady/pneumonia/indications analysis and.html. eTG

Beauty :: essays research papers

Magnificence  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Outline of The Biology of Beauty           Many articles are composed by current clinicians and psychoanalysts that pressure the significance of magnificence in human and creature reproducing just as endurance. One such article The Biology of Beauty proposes this significance and backs it up with numerous statistical data points just as reviews on typical individuals. The article states numerous speculations and theories and furthermore attempts to clarify why magnificence assumes such a significant job in sexuality and force. What is excellence? As indicated by this article, magnificence is a blend of evenness, unique characteristics, and attributes.           Symmetry is maybe the most bolstered piece of excellence in this article. The article expresses that balance shows bounty of sexual hormones, wellbeing, and quality of the safe framework. They bolster their theory of evenness' effect on the plenitude of sexual hormones with different logical proof. Two therapists, Steven Gangestead and Randy Thornhill estimated the evenness of several people in school. They likewise asked them to complete an individual private overview that gave data on their wellbeing what's more, sex lives. What they discovered was that the people with better evenness had begun engaging in sexual relations 3-4 years before the individuals with normal balance. Gangestead and Thornhill likewise finished another overview including ladies' reactions to even men and men with normal balance. The outcomes were as anticipated. The ladies with even accomplices reacted twice as much analyzed to the ladies with men having normal evenness. The pace of contraception was likewise a lot higher. Creatures are considerably more serious in their picking. Female penguins won't acknowledge guys who aren't stout and even, and female scorpion flies just acknowledge guys with balanced wings, as they are better at chasing and ensuring. Likewise, less even people reviewed had more sicknesses and increasingly visit records of ailments contrasted with balanced men and ladies who were generally speaking a lot more beneficial.           Special characteristics additionally assume a job in excellence. An individual with typical highlights isn't considered as excellent as one with a couple of exceptional highlights. New Mexico State University's Victor Johnston led a PC overview called FacePrints in which members all things considered and ethnic gatherings were solicited to give their records from an ideal face into the PC. What they thought of was astounding. Rather than choosing a female with normal facial highlights, the men inclined toward an energetic face comprising of numerous remarkable highlights. Their optimal face comprised of a little jawline and jaws just as enormous eyes and delectable lips. Ladies esteem something contrary to the face developed by men: a face comprising of a solid jaw and jawline, unmistakable

The Three Faces of Eve Essay Example

The Three Faces of Eve Essay The Three Faces of Eve Dissociative Identity Disorder, some time ago known as Multiple Personality Disorder, is a dissociative issue where at least two particular characters or character states are available. These various characters or characters intermittently assume responsibility for a person’s memory and is broad to such an extent that it can't just be clarified by absent mindedness (DSM-IV-TR 519). In the film The Three Faces of Eve, which depends on a genuine tale about a lady presently known as Chris Sizemore, is the account of how Dissociative Identity Disorder assumed control over her life. Chris Sizemore, once known as Eve White, had three subpersonalities. Every one of these subpersonalities had a one of a kind arrangement of recollections, practices, considerations and feelings. At some random time, one of them can come out and alternate controlling her practices (Comer 224). This case was a forward leap in Psychology in the 1950’s and gave us our first look at what individuals managing Dissociative Identity Disorder are experiencing. Eve White is confronting a few indications that presume that she has Dissociative Identity Disorder. These manifestations are: Horrific cerebral pains and power outages that happen before the personality change occurs, voices giving directions, the various characters utilizing separate names, garments appearing in the house that the individual doesn’t recollect having purchased, incapable to review significant data and attempting to make hurt oneself by forceful and self-destructive conduct (DSM-IV-TR 526-529). The film starts on August 20, 1951 when Ralph White brings his significant other, Eve, to see Dr. Luther, a specialist, since she has been messed with awful migraines and spells of amnesia happening two times every week. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Three Faces of Eve explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on The Three Faces of Eve explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on The Three Faces of Eve explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The storyteller expresses that subsequent to talking with Dr. Luther, Mrs. White is incredibly helped by the mental treatment. She has less and less-extreme cerebral pains and no more power outage spells. That is, until the spring of 1952, when she buys $218. 00 worth of conspicuous, tempting attire, endeavors to choke her girl, Bonnie, deserts her family to visit her cousin, and afterward has no memory of what occurred. In light of these practices, Mr. White takes his significant other back to Dr. Luther. Mrs. White confesses to hearing a female voice, seeming like her own, for as long as hardly any months advising her to leave Ralph and flee with Bonnie. This scares her so Dr. Luther consoles her that she isn't losing her brain since she remembers it as an indication of sickness. He says â€Å"people losing their brains think hearing voices is a benefit they appreciate like individual radio gathering or inherent radar. † Eve White, Eve Black and Jane are the three subpersonalities that this individual is managing. Utilizing separate names for every character is a manifestation of having Dissociative Identity Disorder. Eve White, otherwise called the essential, or host, character frequently shows up more than the others (Comer 224). Eve White is a discouraged, dull housewife, uncertain of herself, having power outage spells or amnesia, hearing voices and endeavoring self destruction. Eve Black is the gathering young lady who likes to be a tease, smoke, drink, wear tempting dresses, and is adversely affected by nylon. Both Eve White and Eve Black talk with a southern emphasize, however Jane, a quiet, complex, and reasonable lady has no highlight and sounds accomplished and refined. During a treatment meeting, while at the same time conversing with her clinician, Eve White covers her face with her hands and is gone up against with an extreme cerebral pain. At the point when she gazes upward, Dr. Luther meets the second character of Eve Black who plays with him and requests that he go out. She discloses to him Black is her original surname, she isn't hitched, and Bonnie isn't her youngster. Eve Black relaxes, removes her stockings, since she is susceptible to nylon, smokes a cigarette, and grumbles the workplace is excessively hot. When addressed by the specialist, Eve Black says she jumps at the chance to sing and move at dance club in the wake of having a couple of beverages and the following morning she gives Eve White the headache. She clarifies that Eve White doesn’t know anything about her, however she has a deep understanding of Eve White. This is known as â€Å"one-way amnesic connections, which is the most widely recognized relationship design, some subpersonalities know about others, yet the mindfulness isn't mutual† (Comer 225). Eve is admitted to the mental area of University Hospital for perception and treatment. While there, Dr. Luther chooses to disclose to Eve White about Eve Black, and he shows Ralph how the two characters switch to and fro. During one of the treatment meetings, Eve Black grumbles that she needed to come out to prevent Eve White from slitting her wrist with an extremely sharp steel. Likewise, Eve Black began having power outage spells, as well. In past treatment meetings, Dr. Luther had been utilizing mesmerizing to switch to and fro to every character to converse with them and make sense of what the reason for every last one of them was. While utilizing spellbinding, Dr. Luther meets the third character, Jane, who had to kiss her dead grandma farewell when she was six years of age. The awful youth experience is the way in to numerous characters rising as a methods for self-security in taking care of the pressure. On September 17, 1953, when Dr. Luther can draw out the subdued beloved recollections, Jane, who had no recollections, would now be able to recall her past. Likewise, both the Eve White and Eve Black characters kick the bucket that day. After two years, Jane composed a letter to Dr. Luther expressing gratitude toward him and expressing that Eve White and Eve Black have not returned. â€Å"The three subpersonalities had converged into Evelyn, a steady character who was actually a coordination of the others† (Comer 225). The film doesn't address this, yet I read in the course book that â€Å"altogether 22 subpersonalities had approached during her life, including nine subpersonalities after Evelyn. She has now beaten her issue, accomplishing a solitary, stable character, and has been known as Chris Sizemore for more than 30 years† (Comer 225). I accept that Chris Sizemore had Dissociative Identity Disorder, yet I accept that it created in light of the fact that she had Posttraumatic Stress Disorder when she was more youthful that was never analyzed. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is â€Å"an nervousness issue in which dread and related side effects keep on being experienced long after a horrendous event† (Comer 168). At the point when she was youthful, she encountered a few injuries in a three-month time frame that included seeing two passings and a stunning mishap. The Dissociative Identity Disorder started after these frequencies and helped her arrangement with the pressure that she looked at such a youthful age (Comer 225).

Organ Donation Transplant - Free Essay Example

Organ transplantation, or organ donation, is when one of the persons failing organs are removed and replaced with a better organ that was taken from another person. Organs can be failing because they could have had a disease or damaged due to different factors. Also, some people are unfortunately sometimes born without a certain organ that they may need to live with. These people are part of the many people out there who are waiting for a replacement for one or more of their organs. An organ transplant is probably the last method to do when all other cures, treatments, and procedures fail. The first successful organ transplant occurred in 1954. The transplant was performed by David Hume and Joseph Murray. A kidney was donated from a living person to another living person. These two people were twins so donating the organ had a higher success rate. However, the article Historical Overview of Transplantation by Clyde Barker and James Markmann states that, As early as 600 b.c., the use of autogenous skin flaps to replace missing noses was conceived. The human skin is one of our largest organs, so replacing some skin from one person to another person is also considered as organ donation. During these early times many basic transplantation like this happened. They were successful because the doctors used detached or free grafts of the patients tissue or that of other donors (Barker). During the 19th century, researchers started finding more major skin transplantation. In 1869, a person named Jacques-Louis Reverdin was able to find out that small, thin (split thickness) graf ts would heal (Barker). This was a major advancement because it helped treat many injuries and diseases such as ulcers, open wounds, and burns. In the 20th century many more major discoveries and transplants occurred. In 1963, an organ was successfully recovered from a person who was brain dead. This was a very important discovery because organs are still recovered today from brain dead donors. Also, another important transplant was the heart transplant in 1967 which is still very important. Organ donation has kept advancing more and more over the years. Because of advancement and more research, organ donation has kept on becoming more successful. Researchers have created medicine to take, so your body will not reject the new organ in your body. The medicine is immunosuppressant. Without this medicine the donated organ will not be able to function because the body will not let it to do its function. The rejection may not happen very quickly, but the person will experience different symptoms. Some symptoms can be pain where the transplant was done, feeling sick, a fever, losing or gaining weight, swelling, and changing heart rate. However, other than rejection other problems can occur. The medicine taken will suppress your immune system, hence, the name immunosuppressant. The person will be more vulnerable to diseases, illnesses, infections, and germs. Also, after a surgery anyone is vulnerable to these things too but because of the medicine it can be worse for people that have received an organ. In an article Barry Friedman says Livi ng with a transplant is always about keeping the balance between rejection and infection. This basically means that the immunosuppressant medicine will help your body not reject and attack the organ but it will also make you less immune. They must be very careful and take care of themselves. Regularly doing physical exercise and maintaining a good diet helps out. Physical exercise should not include sports where you make contact with other people because this can lead to injury and infection. Additionally, they should visit the doctor often for checkup. Eventually, after a few weeks or a few months, you will get used to the new routine and your body will get used to the new organ. Other than these type of advancements, research, and medicine, there are also technological advancements. There are a lot of technological advancements that have occurred and are still going on. Something that I found very interesting is 3D printing artificial organs. Scientists are now making the organs that are needed for daily living. Some include the heart, brain, and arteries. 3D printing an object was invented by the engineer Charles Hull in the early 1980s. It has advanced so much since then and many people can use their imagination to make amazing things. The start of organ printing began in 2003 when Thomas Boland of Clemson University patented the use of inkjet printing for cells. This process utilized a modified spotting system for the deposition of cells into organized 3D matrices placed on a substrate (Wikipedia). This means that Thomas Boland was able to find out a way to 3D print cells. This is known as bioprinting because of printing of biological structures. This then lead to printing of tissues and then organs. So far successful 3D printed organs that have been printed and shown that they function are flat, vascular, and hollow organs. An example of a flat organ is skin, an example of a vascular organ is a blood vessel, and an example if a hollow organ is the bladder. Research is still going on about 3D printing extremely vital organs like the heart or kidney. It should be extremely difficult to copy the function of an actual heart to an artificial heart. The artificial heart would have to be made precisely and be able to push out blood with a lot of force just like an actual heart is able to do. Another benefit 3D printing organs will have is cost efficiency. Right now it is not that expensive to 3D print objects and scientists and doctors are already printing out prosthetics without losing a lot of money. 3D printing artificial organs will definitely have a lot of benefits once it is perfected. Many different countries have different views on organ transplant. Also, different countries have different laws and rules concerning organ transplant. Things like illegal organ trading and the black market are reasons why these laws and rules are made. Some countries, like China, only allow some hospitals to transplant organs. This helps keep unknown and illegal organ trading and transplants to a minimum. Additionally, China use to take organs from executed prisoners without their consent or taking their families consent. They have ceased doing that in 2014 and are now trying to ask for organ donations from regular citizens. Also, other countries have laws that will punish you if you commence in illegal organ trading. One major factor that can decide if an organ donation is illegal or not is consent. Different countries have different laws on this too. In the U.S., if you want to donate an organ when you die, you must opt in which basically means you must tell them that yes you will donate your organ once you have died. Other countries, however, have a different way. In countries such as Austria, laws make organ donation the default option at the time of death, and so people must explicitly opt out of organ donation (Scheiber). This basically means that by default when you die you will donate any organ that can be donated. If you do not want to donate your organ you must tell them beforehand that you do not want your organs donated. In these opt out countries more than 90% of people donate their organs (Scheiber). In opt in countries like the U.S. fewer than 15% of people donate their organs at death (Scheiber). This data can show us that it probably is better to donate organs by default when you die than having to tell someone that you can donate. Also, aside from this the country Iran is the only country in the world where it is legal to buy a kidney (Singh). People who sold their kidneys were given compensation from the government and from hospitals and doc tors. This helped cease the kidney donation waitlist and more people were able to receive donations. However, many countries still have a long waitlist for organ donations that is still increasing. Demand for an organ has kept increasing and is still increasing. This increase of demand makes the organ donation waitlist longer. The U.S. are one of the countries with a long waitlist. This could be because they still choose to use the opt in method. Countries with the opt out method have almost no waitlist because the rate of organ donation is much higher. In addition, people must be educated about the benefits of organ donation. If more people know what good they can do with donating an organ, more people will give their consent to actually donate their organs. Social media has also took action. Facebook put the ability to put your organ donation status. This helped increase the rate in organ donation registrations. Also, Apple had in update to their iPhones which allowed people to register for organ donation directly through their phones. Eventually the rate in organ donation will hopefully increase through all these methods. Organ donation, or organ transplantation, is and will always be beneficial. Many people have a need for an organ transplant because it is their last resort. It is in high demand now in the U.S. and in other countries around the world. People need to be educated about the benefits of organ donation so it can hopefully help increase the amount of organ donors. In addition, more research is being done to create more medicine to help make it easy on the people that have received an organ and to help those that donated. Even though organ transplant is the last resort it is definitely very beneficial for anyone in need.

U.s. National Security Strategy - 1382 Words

The Way Ahead for American and Iranian Relations: Engaging in a Cold War Over the past 37 years, Iran has become one of the most complex and stubborn national security strategy issues that the United States has had to deal with. Once a key U.S. ally in the region, Iran is now a chief protagonist. To complicate matters, recently, the U.S. has found itself simultaneously an adversary and a quasi-ally of Iran. An example of this duality would be: on one hand, Iran has provided support to terrorist organizations, like Al-Qaeda, that have attacked the U.S. and its allies. On the other hand, the U.S. has found itself on the same side of the fight with Iran against the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS). Now and in the future the U.S. National Security Strategy (NSS) will have to consist of a combination of diplomatic, economic, and military action, while also partnering with regional and international partners, if the U.S. expects to contain Iran’s disruptive influence and ensure compliance with the brokered nuclear agreement. In contradiction to U.S. goals, Iran’s interest lay in becoming the dominant power in the Persian Gulf region and the Islamic world. It has gone about this by being a catalyst for much of the turmoil in the Middle East and North Africa. Iran has supported terrorist groups, instigated uprisings in neighboring countries, pursued a nuclear program and is regarded by some as a threat to global stability and Western Civilization (Barrett, 2012). WithShow MoreRelatedU.s. National Security Strategy1398 Words   |  6 Pagespresidency, President Obama determined that increasing our strategic focus on the Asia-Pacific Region and rebalance our national power and resources toward this region. This shift from the war footing in Iraq and Afghanistan to an increased peace and stability in East Asia was determined to be in the best national interests of the United States in the 2015 National Security Strategy. This strategic shift would have two major focus areas. First, the United Sta tes would focus on peace and stabilityRead MoreU.s. National Security Strategy1472 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Strong and sustained American leadership is essential to a rules-based international order that promotes global security and prosperity as well as the dignity and human rights of all peoples.† This statement from the most recent U.S. National Security Strategy indicates that the White House administration acknowledges the current international order is shaped constitutionally, or is â€Å"rule-based.† Globalization has made states and individuals increasingly interdependent and interconnected. GlobalizationRead MoreU.s. National Security Strategy Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Climate change is an urgent and growing threat to our national security, contributing to increased natural disasters, refugee flows, and conflicts over basic resources like food and water.† These words from the U.S. National Security Strategy show the United States is moving forward on addressing the challenges posed by climate change. The Department of Defense published the 2014 Climate Change Adaption roadmap establishing three overarching goals and four lines of effort to guide geographicRead MoreU.s. National Security Strategies And Policies1231 Words   |  5 PagesFor this progress assignment I would like to describe homeland security as it is defined in the various U.S. national security strategies and policies. In addition I would like to speak to the difference between Homeland Security and Homeland Defense to include mission areas, task, operational responsibilities, and coordinating efforts. Homeland Security The establishment of the Department of Homeland security is, undoubtedly, a result of the lessons learned and identification of the need to protectRead MoreU.s. National Security Strategy 20142155 Words   |  9 PagesMONGOLIA using the operational variables of PMESII-PT and its role in the U.S. strategy in the Pacific Command (PACOM). With the the majority of attention being given to a more aggressive China or perhaps violent extremist organizations (VEO’s) in Southeast Asia, it is easy to forget about Mongolia. Although, those threats in Southeast Asia and the growing tensions with China cannot be ignored, it would be foolish of the U.S. to ignore the country of Mongolia. In fact, further developing relationsRead MoreC200 Exam Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagesto the United States’ national interest. The vital national interest at risk in President Obama’s address is the security and safety of the American people as well as the â€Å"security of our allies and the common security of the world.† By involving the military and increasing the troop strength, President Obama can achieve the objectives of his strategy. His objectives are to keep the Taliban from becoming powerful, prevent them from government rule, improve Afghanistan security forces and governmentRead MoreNational Security Strategy for a New Era1471 Words   |  6 Pagesunidentified is a comprehensive strategy for United States national security. What are the priorities for American national security today, and how can they effectively be met? What are the overarching goals of the United States going and how can they be achieved? Answers to these questions are too often divided along partisan lines, making it difficult to construct a strategy that most policy-makers can support. Yet like a rudder on a ship, the U.S. needs a central strategy that has bipartisan supportRead MoreNational And International Security Threats896 Words   |  4 PagesNational and internation al security threats are typically perceived as conflict between nations or populations of people and are addressed with military strategies. However, as security is defined as †¦ (Define security) not all threats emanate from nations in conflict. The environment, for example, can threaten the safety of people, and therefore becomes and national security issue. Brown (1977) states â€Å"†¦threats to security may now arise less from the relationship of nation to nation and moreRead MoreThe Importance Of Security In War1058 Words   |  5 PagesThe Jaish al-Mahdi understood and exploited U.S. public opinion. This incident demonstrated that adversaries can achieve success by conducting influence operations. China identifies cyberspace as a key domain to project power and dominance. Chinese military strategists believe that information operations are directly linked to success or defeat in war and priority should be given to launching preemptive attacks. In 2005, China infiltrated numerous secure government systems and successfully retrievedRead MoreThe United States Faces Security Challenges1323 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States faces several national security challenges. For one, it has seemingly lost its leadership role in space activities. Other countries, such as China, are ramping up investments in space, while â€Å"NASA’s budget is at a historic low as a share of the overall federal budget.† Return on investments in space technology has benefitted the civilian space program and the military alike. U.S. military operations and intelligence collection rely on space systems and â€Å"access to these capabilities

Death with Dignity free essay sample

Autonomy is a fundamental right. Liberty interests of patients while coping with terminal illness, however, unlike autonomy, are protected under the Constitution as fundamental rights. Advancements in medicine are extending the average life expectancy for adults. The aging of the baby boomer generation is also contributing to the increase in the growing number of the elder population. As society ages, not only do individuals battle terminal illness, but they combat the unanticipated demands on their right to die with dignity. The ability to choose the timing of one’s death is limited to a few states in America. Additionally, there are a few countries now allowing physician assisted suicide. Even with this option, a patient must exercise advanced planning. Death with dignity is an increasing concern for all members of society. Euthanasia is a term meaning good death in the Greek culture. It is â€Å"the actual practice of preparing oneself for a dignified death† (Kiraly, 2012, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Death with Dignity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 335). Historically, several cultural beliefs favored euthanasia. Roman gladiators were encouraged to fight to their death with honor and dignity in Europe. While in Asia, samurai warriors fought to their death or committed seppuku, an act of suicide by one’s own sword. This type of suicide was honorable in the Japanese culture. Christianity took the opposing view and deemed euthanasia a sin. In accordance with Old Testament Judaism and Christianity, â€Å"the ‘certain’ death springs from sin, and it is nothing else than the payment, the punishment for sin. Thus it cannot possibly be anything that should be made better or easier† (Kiraly, 2012, p. 336). The views of Hippocrates, a Greek physician, aligned with those of Christianity, and were instrumental in curtailing views on euthanasia. He developed the Hippocratic Oath, still in practice today, regulating the medical behaviors towards death with dignity. Medical practitioners, serving as moral interpreters, help with avoiding the transgression of the euthanasia method towards societies’ view as a sin. Some philosophers interchange dignity with intrinsic worth. The principle that humans should not be used as a means to an end formulates certain moral laws. Most philosophers have rejected euthanasia based on the belief that it infringes on an individual’s autonomy. Philosopher, Immanuel Kant, asserts â€Å"it is morally impermissible to treat oneself without due respect, suicide is in all circumstances morally impermissible. Human dignity†¦does not support the legalization of assisted suicide† (Gentzler, 2003, p. 463). Pain and suffering, however, are factors that alter the opinions of several great philosophers regarding human dignity and the justification for euthanasia. Plato was opposed to active euthanasia, but he agreed that those suffering should not undergo prolonged treatment to sustain their life. â€Å"Euthanasia is the pursuit of a course of action where death is the intended outcome: it is the ‘medical management’ of death† (Harmon Sethi, 2011, p. 356). Euthanasia is organized into categories, voluntary active, voluntary passive, involuntary active, involuntary passive, non-voluntary. Individuals, with sufficient mental capacity to make their own end-of-life decisions, may request voluntary euthanasia. Individuals, lacking the mental capacity to make their own end-of-life decisions may succumb to involuntary euthanasia. Non-voluntary euthanasia occurs when an individual is competent but their wishes are unknown. Active euthanasia is the direct cause of this action, such as a lethal dose of medication, while passive euthanasia is a result of withholding life-sustaining treatment. Some may argue the act of euthanasia allows individuals the ability to die with dignity in some cultures however; death by means of euthanasia is not dignified. The Japanese medical and legal communities, â€Å"†¦ distinguish euthanasia from death with dignity in that they regard euthanasia as the administration of lethal drugs and regard death with dignity as the withholding or withdrawing of life-prolonging treatment† (Otani, 2010, p. 50). Although there is a distinction between euthanasia and death with dignity, the purpose of both is to end one’s unbearable pain and suffering. The act of euthanasia has negative connotations that stem from a history of genocide. Nazi Germany is an illustrious example of this deed. Using cyanide gas, the Germans exterminated a large portion of the Jewish population. Contrary to popular opinion, genocide is not limited to the past. The atrocities of this practice resurfaced a multitude of times, such as in the civil war, in Rwanda, as well as the conflict in Darfur. Social conditions in all of these countries contributed towards conflict and crisis situations resulting in the onset of social control. Genocide, often viewed as a deviant action, is also a type of social control. The casualties of these wars were not permitted to die with their dignity. Their deaths, indeed, did engender suffering. In these cases, the affected individuals experienced both active and non-voluntary euthanasia. History provides valuable lessons. Learning about the suffering of others affords us the opportunity to take action to prevent the possibility of reoccurrence. Karen Quinlan is an infamous case from the 1970’s. This woman was in a persistent vegetative state sustained by life-support. Her family petitioned the court to withdraw the ventilator machine, allowing her the right to die with dignity. The judge granted the family’s request to allow Karen the opportunity to breathe on her own or die with dignity. Karen continued to live in a coma for ten additional years. She survived those years with the assistance of a gastric feeding tube. Karen’s tragedy brought awareness to the importance of documenting individual’s end-of-life wishes. A health care directive is helpful in preventing the court system from making life and death decisions, such as in the case of Karen Quinlan. This document ensures a patient’s choices concerning life support are known—should they lapse into a coma. Executing a health care directive can be an example of voluntary passive euthanasia, while Karen Quinlan is an example of involuntary passive euthanasia. Jack Kevorkian provides a model for active voluntary euthanasia. Kevorkian assisted several people in the act of committing suicide. His patients sought his help in ending their lives to avoid prolonging their existence in an undignified manner. The case that brought infamy to Kevorkian was that of Janet Adkins. Adkins suffered from Alzheimer’s disease, and while she was still competent, she sought to end her own life. Many believe that â€Å"†¦when confronted with diseases or injuries that are incurable, untreatable, or poorly managed, patients may seek release from their suffering† (Harmon Sethi, 2011, p. 355). Although through unconventional means, Janet Adkins’ family was â€Å"grateful someone was willing to listen to and help a beloved member of their family† (Stutsman, 2013, p. 48). Media attention surrounding Jack Kevorkian, labeled Dr. Death, heightened awareness surrounding the rights of individual’s end-of-life decisions. Kevorkian challenged the ethical taboos surrounding assisted suicide. In doing so, however, he established a foundation for later decisions involving active euthanasia. Euthanasia provides a means to extinguish one’s life when they recognize the declining quality of their existence. Individuals seek to embrace life in whatever philosophical, religious, secular, or theoretical belief system they maintain. Failing health or unexpected circumstances influence these ideologies in the pursuit of the good life. In trying times, families are willing to consider drastic options. A terminally ill patient’s quality of life diminishes as their disease progresses. Family members do not wish to see their loved ones suffer with pain needlessly or persist in a vegetative coma for an undetermined amount of time. Allowing their loved ones to die, also relinquishes the families’ anguish of witnessing the lack of dignity. As the illness progresses, the body weakens and becomes frail. This â€Å"†¦frailty of the terminally ill [is] a reason why they need assistance in dying† (Durante, 2009, p. 28). Making the decision to end a family member’s life is not easy. Recognizing the difference between living with dignity, existing in a coma, or enduring pain and suffering, however, assists with easing the burden of making such a choice. Since dignity is a highly subjective term, â€Å"it is difficult to formulate a clear-cut and generally applicable definition† (van Gennip et. al. , 2013, p. 617). Terminally ill patients that present high anxiety symptoms would not necessarily be living in a dignified manner. On the other hand, terminally ill patients with feelings of peace and acceptance of their death are living with dignity. The state of mind in which the terminally ill patient exists transcends into the family member’s acceptance that their loved one is experiencing dignity. Certain individuals conceptualize dignity as maintaining the basic qualities of their abilities. Their capacity to function, both physically and cognitively, must remain intact. Patients interpret the loss of bodily functions as the transition phase from life to death. During an interview with an Alzheimer’s patient, a research study captured their view of dignity; â€Å"there is a little part of yourself, of your very own self, that has to keep functioning, otherwise†¦life would be†¦awful’’ (van Gennip, Pasman, Oosterveld-Vlug, Villems, Onwuteaka-Philipsen, 2013, p. 1084). Social aspects of daily living are equally important when integrating perceptions of dignity into a definition. The inability to interact with family, friends, or members of society impedes the quality of life for normally adjusted individuals. Persons with silent symptoms often experience lack of dignity as others may ignore or accuse them of faking their disability. For example, elderly individuals with early stages of dementia become isolated as social interactions with others prove to be challenging, especially with impatient people. Additional factors influencing dignity during the end stages of life include feelings of burden and the dependency on others for care. Terminal illness often requires professional oversight as the disease evolves. Medical staff routinely invades the privacy of an individual’s body with an assault of tubes and wires. The simple pleasures of taking a walk or eating a meal require assistance, that is, if an individual is even able to accomplish these basic tasks. A regimen of medications is necessary to survive, sometimes with side effects more lethal than the disease itself. The administrations of these medications are often through tubes taped to the inevitable collapsing veins. At this stage, palliative care is instrumental in maintaining the well-being of the patient. â€Å"Palliative care focuses on an individual’s comfort, relief of pain, control of symptoms, as well as psychological and spiritual support† (Nelson, 2013, p. 134). Palliative care is an extra layer of support provided by a team of doctors, nurses, social workers, clergy, and other specialists. The palliative care team provides guidance with difficult decisions as well as emotional support while the patient is undergoing medical treatment. This care is appropriate at any stage of a serious illness. The goal of palliative care is to improve the quality of live for those nearing death. One of the objectives of this care is information gathering. Family members and the patients, if cognitively able, discuss matters of importance with the care team that will enhance the dignity of the terminally ill. Topics, such as the patient’s values and belief systems, are especially significant if conflict of viewpoints exists within the family structure. Hospitals must inform patients of any change in care as well as their rights to participate in treatment decisions and be able to complete a health care directive. Health care directives eliminate choices made by the family. Providing full disclosure of information to the patients allows them to process their impending death. Approaching death with acceptance is key to dignity. The palliative care team works with patients to assist them in easing into this emotional phase. Being at peace and accepting the fate of one’s own death contributes to the quality of life. A patient being â€Å" †¦in a peaceful state of mind and ready to die,†¦accepting things as they are, not feeling anxious or depressed, and having the opportunity to say goodbye to loved ones all contribute to a death that [is] dignified†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (van Gennip et. al. , 2013, p. 622). Death is certain. Dignity is not a guarantee due to the onset of conditions resulting in death. Society has recognized the need for assistance in this dilemma. Choices to end the indignity of suffering in pain or with cognitive impairments are now available. Oregon was the first state to pass legislature allowing physician assisted suicide. Washington and, most recently, Vermont also permit this action. As previously discussed, Jack Kevorkian laid the foundation for the acceptance of active euthanasia in the United States. The Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg have also legalized physician-assisted suicide. Strict regulations are in force for this process, requiring more than one physician counseling individuals seeking active euthanasia. Providing palliative care treatment may avert many people from choosing physician assisted suicide. However, â€Å"a small percentage of dying patients will still experience suffering that can become intolerable and unacceptable, and a subset of those will want assistance helping death come earlier rather than later† (Quill, 2012, p. 58). The legalization of physician-assisted suicide is slowly expanding across the United States. Vermont, as of May 2013, is now the third state allowing this act. Even though active euthanasia has been an option for the terminally ill for over a decade, the number of individuals choosing this method remains low. Individuals who choose assistance with dying find comfort in recognizing that they now have options in their life. They are able to maintain a peaceful state of mind knowing they have the choice of when to end their pain and suffering. This decision is their final act of autonomy consistent with their personal values and beliefs. Having control over one’s life is essential, especially if the quality of life has diminished due to disease. Quality of life corresponds to pleasures such as love of family, friends, and security, while dignity in death corresponds to freedom from pain, suffering and debilitating disease. The end of suffering, whether it is the patient’s freedom from pain, or the family’s freedom from grief, is the ultimate goal in seeking dignity in death.

The Suffering of the Proud Essay Example For Students

The Suffering of the Proud Essay Pride is a key to self-respect; however, when it goes to far, people forget that humility is a virtue too. In the play Antigone, pride plays a major role throughout, appearing as fatal flaws in both Antigone and Kreon, the main characters of Sophocless tragedy. For Antigone and Kreon, as soon as the stepped past the line of humility, they were doomed to fail. For example, Kreon became so proud of himself he refused to listen to others warnings and assumes the gods are on his side. But didnt that girl do wrong? The whole nation denies it. Will the nation tell me what orders I can give? Kreon, Haimon, Kreon 881-3 this is a perfect example, because he refuses to listen to his son, and then, when presented with the fact that the whole nation thinks he is wrong, decides that he doesnt care what the nation thinks. Throughout the play, his advisor, Koryphaios, repeatedly gives him gentle warnings, and Kreon claims he is getting old, ignores him, or refutes him with points that only emphasize his out-of-control pride, such as, Men our age, learn from Kreon 876. He also assumes that the gods will go along with whatever he says, can you see the gods honoring criminals? Impossible Kreon 364-5. We will write a custom essay on The Suffering of the Proud specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This kind of attitude is something that appears in almost every Greek myth, the thought that the gods will side with them no matter what, and it always ends up biting them in the rear. Furthermore, Kreon holds his subjects in contempt, and feels that their opinions are a complete waste of his time. Kreon thinks there is nothing wrong with killing them if they displease him. He accuses the sentry who brings news of the burial, of being the culprit, and of course the only reason is because he is the closest person, but Kreon doesnt care. He exclaims to his advisor, You are an old man, are you senile? Kreon 353. He insults and degrades his own advisor, someone he is supposed to trust implicitly. The final, ultimate sign that he thinks he is better than everyone comes when his son, Haimon, confronts him. He refuses to even listen to his suggestions, degrades him, calling him too young, too idealistic, and under the control of a woman. Kreon then tries to kill Haimons fiancÃÆ'Â ©, right in front of him. Though the people in power control a nation directly, but the people in general indirectly control who rules them, if they want, and so a cruel or malevolent ruler, will always fall, and often violently. Finally, Antigone was so proud she could not try and change what was wrong, she just broke a law, and a law, weather right or wrong, should never be broken. Do you dare, despite Kreon? He cannot keep me from my own Ismene, Antigone 54-5. This is a perfect example of Antigones refusal to talk or reason with Kreon, and to just act, without thinking, and deciding that her morals are more important that the law of the land. She also refuses to back down, even once she is captured. Some people might argue that she is standing up for what she believes in, but if she had killed someone, because she felt that you may not murder is not a good law, would people agree? When people forget to be humble, they sew the seeds of their own destruction, they also often forget to listen to others, respect their junior, and sometimes even their seniors, and many time they break laws, forgetting that they are not gods, and cannot chose their fate.